Capital and expense are two key concepts in financial management and they serve different purposes. Here's a breakdown of the differences: 1. Capital (Capital Expenditure) -Definition: Capital refers to long-term investments in assets that will benefit the company for more than one accounting period (typically longer than a year). These investments are expected to generate future economic benefits. -Examples: Purchasing property, machinery, equipment, vehicles, or software licenses that last several years. -Accounting Treatment: Capital expenditures (CapEx) are recorded as assets on the balance sheet and then depreciated or amortized over their useful life. This means the cost is spread out over several years rather than being fully expensed in the year of purchase. -Purpose: To acquire or upgrade physical or intangible assets that will improve the company’s long-term productive capacity. 2. Expense (Operating Expense) -Definition: Expenses refer to short-term costs incurred in the day-to-day operations of a business. These costs are necessary to maintain the ongoing operations and are typically consumed within the accounting period (usually a year). -Examples: Rent, utilities, wages, office supplies, marketing expenses, and maintenance costs. -Accounting Treatment: Operating expenses (OpEx) are recorded on the income statement and are fully deducted in the period they are incurred. They reduce the company’s net income for that period. -Purpose: To cover the regular, recurring costs associated with running the business. Key Differences: -Duration of Benefit: Capital expenditures provide long-term benefits, while operating expenses provide short-term or immediate benefits. -Accounting Treatment: CapEx is capitalized and depreciated over time, whereas OpEx is expensed immediately in the period they occur. -Impact on Financial Statements: CapEx affects both the balance sheet (as assets) and the income statement (as depreciation), while OpEx only affects the income statement.