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Cholesterol is a substance produced by the liver and present in every cell of the body. Its role is to essentially render cells waterproof, creating a protective barrier between the cells interior and exterior. This means that cholesterol is a component of every cell membrane. Consuming merely 200mg of cholesterol daily, roughly the quantity found in one egg yolk, signals the body to prompt the liver into generating an additional 800mg from raw materials such as fats, sugars, and proteins. Since 2015, the United States has removed the upper limit for cholesterol and dietary fat intake. Heart disease was rare before the 20th century, and major medical textbooks did not address coronary heart disease. Today, it is estimated that cardiovascular disease claims 17 million lives each year. Cholesterol is essential for the body, with 25% of it located in the brain, which itself is composed of 60% fat. A lack of cholesterol can be fatal. Notably the liver produces over 80% of the body's cholesterol, with only a small portion coming from diet. Furthermore, 25% of the body's cholesterol is found in the brain, and about 70% constitutes the myelin sheath, the outer layer of our nerves. Upon initial review, the cholesterol guidelines from the US and Europe seem to exhibit notable differences. Both regions recommend statin therapy for adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and possible familial hyperlipidaemia. However, the 2011 ESC/EAS guidelines from Europe also recommend therapy for adults with severe hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD), while the ACC/AHA guidelines in the United States do not automatically include these groups for statin therapy. Understanding lipoproteins fats and cholesterol Lipoproteins act as transport systems that manage the types of fats, such as HDL and LDL, and their movement throughout the body. Lipids, which include fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol, are carried by these lipoproteins. Imagine lipoproteins as vessels transporting fats. Since triglycerides, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins are water-repellent, they require these lipoprotein vessels for transport in the body. The liver, with its receptors, regulates the circulation of cholesterol. Suboptimal liver function can impair cholesterol regulation. Cholesterol is vital for muscle repair and various cellular functions. Hence, in cardiovascular disease, increased cholesterol levels are observed in the affected areas. However, cholesterol is not the cause of the problem; rather, it is delivered there by the lipoprotein vessels to aid in addressing the issue.

Struggling with gas and bloating? Experiencing symptoms of IBS or autoimmune conditions? Feeling low or dealing with depressive symptoms? If any of these resonate with you, read on. Let’s Put Fibre Into Context... What is fibre? Fibre is essentially the indigestible portion of carbohydrates. These chains of sugars, known as polysaccharides, are linked in a way that human intestines cannot break down or absorb. Unlike some animals that can ferment fibre into usable energy, humans lack the enzymes and specialized bacteria required for this process. Fibre comes in two forms: soluble and insoluble. Neither provides direct nutritional value to humans because they cannot be absorbed. - Insoluble fibre (e.g., cellulose) does not dissolve in water and primarily acts as a bulking agent. Foods like leafy greens, legumes, and whole grains contain this type of fibre. - Soluble fibre (e.g., pectin) dissolves in water and forms a gel. You’ll find this in foods like apples, oats, and beans. While it can be partially fermented by gut bacteria, this process often leads to gas production and other digestive discomfort. Is Fibre Really Necessary? Advocates claim that fibre feeds the gut microbiome, but it’s worth questioning whether this is truly beneficial for everyone. The bacteria that ferment fibre can trigger inflammation and even contribute to autoimmune responses. Gluten, for example, can aggravate conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. In fact, some individuals see a reduction in inflammation and significant improvement in their symptoms by eliminating grains and high-fibre foods from their diet. Rethinking Fibre’s Role in Your Health We’re often told fibre helps with digestion and cholesterol control. But here’s something to consider: cholesterol is essential for a healthy brain and body, so why are we trying to reduce its absorption with fiber? And while fibre may bulk up stools, animals that eat a purely carnivorous diet manage without it, having natural, healthy bowel movements without the need for fibre.

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